Class 10 Social Science: Sectors of the Indian Economy important questions

Sectors of the Indian Economy is a chapter of Class 10 Social Science for the CBSE. These 14 questions are marked Very Important, Important or Practice, and each answer has been checked by our team. Use them to revise, not as a prediction of what will come in the exam.

1. Practice · 1 marks

   1. Find the odd one out from the following options: A. Tourist Guide, Barber, Tailor, and Potter B. Teacher, Doctor, Vegetable Vendor and Lawyer C. Postman, Cobbler, Soldier and Police Constable D. Indian Railways, Jet Airways, Doordarshan and Metro

   D Indian Railways, Jet Airways, Doordarshan and Metro-29

2. Practice · 1 marks

   2. Fill in the blank: SECTOR CRITERIA USED Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Nature of economic activity Organized & Unorganized ? OPTIONS: A. Nature of Employment activities B. Nature of Social activities C. Nature of Production activities D. Nature of Political activities

   A. Nature of employment activities

3. Important · 2 marks

   3. In what ways Government can increase employment in the rural sector?

   i.by introducing mega projects-new dam is constructed and canals ii.by introducing tertiary facilities in an area iii.to identify, promote and locate industries and services in semi-rural areas iv. It is also possible to set up industries that process vegetables and agricultural produce like potato, sweet potato, v. by promoting tourism, or regional craft industry, or new services like IT. vi. Any other relevant point (ANY TWO POINTS)

4. Important · 3 marks

   4. ‘Tertiary sector is different from other sectors.’ Justify the statement with suitable arguments.

   i. Tertiary sector is basic service sector whereas primary and secondary are the sectors that produce goods ii. Tertiary sector support and help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors iii. Tertiary activities are an assistance for the production process. iv. Tertiary s sector provides services like transport, banking, communication, etc v. It generates more employment then other sectors. vi. Any other relevant point (ANY THREE POINTS)

5. Important · 3 marks

   5. (A) ; A worker in an urban area, who was working in a small factory, was not paid his wages properly, he was forced to work extra hours under poor working conditions, there was no job security, recently he lost his job and was found selling electrical items in a pushcart. Analyze the role of the government in protecting the workers working in an Unorganized sector. OR (B) : Mr Pawan, a village head wanted to create more job opportunities to increase the income of the people of his village under MNREGA act, Suggest any three activities, so that Mr Pawan could initiate in his village.

   The following are the ways in which the workers in the unorganized sector can be protected by the government. - The small factories must be registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishments Act etc. - The government can provide loans to help un-employed educated youth to start their own business - The workers are supposed to get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working OR (B): Mr Pawan, a village head wanted to create more job opportunities to increase the income of the people of his village under MNREGA act, suggest any three activities, so that Mr Pawan could initiate in his village. (B): Ans: Under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), the Village Head, Mr. Pawan, can take several initiatives to increase the income of the people living in his village. MNREGA aims to provide employment to rural households, and the following activities can be initiated to generate employment opportunities and increase income: - Cleaning the lake/pond: Cleaning and maintaining water bodies such as lakes and ponds can help to improve the quality of water and make it suitable for irrigation purposes. This can lead to increased agricultural productivity, which, in turn, can increase the income of the farmers. Additionally, cleaning of the lake/ pond can provide employment opportunities for the local people. - Village road construction: The construction of village roads can improve connectivity and accessibility within the village, making it easier for people to commute to work or transport goods. This can help to increase economic activity in the village, creating more job opportunities and boosting the income of the local people. Co-operative milk society/small scale industry: The formation of a co-operative milk society can provide a platform for the local dairy farmers to collectively sell their milk and other dairy products, increasing their income. Similarly, the establishment of a small-scale industry can generate employment opportunities and create a market for local products, which can further contribute to increasing the income of the people. - Construction work: The construction of houses, community centers, and other infrastructure projects can generate employment opportunities for the local people, helping to boost their income. This can also improve the living standards of the villagers, making it a sustainable solution for poverty reduction. (Any 3 relevant points to be mentioned)

6. Important · 3 marks

   6. Compare Tables “A” & “B” and answer the question given below. Table- A Share of sectors in employment in % Year Tertiary Secondary Primary Year 1977-78 18 11 71 1977-78 2017-18 31 25 44 2017-18 Table –B Share of Sectors in GDP in % Year Tertiary Secondary Primary 1973-74 50 10 40 2013-14 68 21 11 A remarkable fact about India is that while there has been a change in the share ofthe three sectors in GDP, a similar shift has not taken place in employment. Why didn’t a similar shift out of primary sector happen in case of employment? Substantiate your answer.

   Substantial shift in employment in primary Sector hasn’t happened because of the following reasons. 1. Insufficient job creation in the secondary and tertiary sectors: The primary reason for the limited shift in employment from the primary sector is the failure to generate an adequate number of jobs in the secondary (industrial) and tertiary (service) sectors. The growth of industrial output and service sector production has been significant, but the corresponding increase in employment opportunities has been comparatively lower. 2. Underemployment in the agricultural sector: The primary sector, particularly agriculture, suffers from underemployment, with more people engaged in farming than necessary. Even if a few individuals are moved out of agriculture, it does not significantly affect the production. This indicates that workers in the agricultural sector are not fully utilized, leading to a lower productivity level. 3. Share of Sectors in Employment though industrial output or the production of goods went up by more than nine times during the period, employment in the industry went up by around three times. The same applies to the tertiary sector as well. While production in the service sector rose by 14 times, employment in the service sector rose around five times. As a result, more than half of the workers in the country are working in the primary sector, mainly in agriculture, producing only about one sixth of the GDP. In contrast to this, the secondary and tertiary sectors produce the rest of the produce whereas they employ less about half the people

7. Practice · 1 marks

   7. In Indian Economy, the three sectors (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) are interdependent. However, the share of employment in the primary sector remains high. Most appropriate explanation for this could be: I. Government policies preferentially treat the primary sector II. Indian economy is largely agrarian and majority of population is dependent on agricultur III. Inadequate service sector jobs force people to continue working in primary sectors IV. Primary sector provides raw material for the secondary and tertiary sector. Choose the correct option (A) Only I and II are true (B) Only II and III are true (C) Only III and IV are true (D) All are true

   (B)- Only II and III are true

8. Important · 3 marks

   8. (A) Mr.Y from a city in India visits a rural area and finds five people working in a small agricultural farm. More than two people are not required to work in the farm and removing the other three will not affect production. How can one solve this problem of underemployment in rural areas? Explain. OR (B) Sunil and Raman did their graduation from the same college. Sunil got employed in an unorganised sector and was not satisfied whereas Raman got employed in an organised sector and was happy and satisfied. Identify three reasons for Sunil’s dissatisfaction as compared to Raman.

   If more men are working than required is called as disguised unemployment. In this case the other three who are not required should take up different jobs that would increase the total family income. For example, they can be employed in projects like building of dams, canals or roads in the village. 1. Government can invest some money in transportation and storage of crops or make better rural roads so that mini-trucks reach everywhere. 2. Promotion of industries like setting up a dal mill, opening a cold storage could give an opportunity for farmers to store their products like potatoes and onions and sell them when the price is good. 3.In villages near forest areas, they can start honey collection centres where farmers can come and sell wild honey. It is also possible to set up industries that process vegetables and agricultural produce like potato, sweet potato, rice, wheat, tomato, fruits, which can be sold in outside markets and thus generate employment. 4. Government can plan to give loans at lower rates of interest to people in rural areas to start something new thereby solving problems of underemployment. (Any 3 points) OR 1. Raman was happy because in the organised sector they enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer. They also get several other benefits from their employers as they get paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity etc. They are supposed to get medical benefits, and, under the laws, the factory manager must ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment. When they retire, these workers get pensions as well. 2. Whereas Sunil was unhappy because the unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations, but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid 3 Social Science-MS-X-2024-25 leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave. 3. A lot also depends on the whims of the employer. This sector includes many people who are employed on their own doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work.

9. Important · 3 marks

   9. Over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all the three sectors has increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2013-14, the tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector. Why do you think tertiary sector has become so popular in India? Support your answer giving any 3 reasons

   1. In any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required, these can be considered as basic services. In a developing country the government must take responsibility for the provision of these services. 2. The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already seen. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors, more would be the demand for such services. 3. As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training etc. You can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big cities. 4. Over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential. The production of these services has been rising rapidly. Nevertheless, the service sector in India employs many different kinds of people. At one end there are a limited number of services that employ highly skilled and educated workers. At the other end, there are a very large number of workers engaged in services such as small shopkeepers, repair persons, transport persons, etc. These people barely manage to earn a living and yet they perform these services because no alternative opportunities for work are available to them. Hence, only a part of this sector is growing in importance. ( Any THREE points) 4 Social Science-MS-X-2024-25

10. Practice · 1 marks

    10. Underemployment is caused when - A. More workers are employed than actually required B. Fewer workers are employed than actually required C. Workers are paid more than their actual output D. Jobs are given only to highly educated workers

    A - More workers are employed than actually required

11. Practice · 1 marks

    11. Which of the following examples best demonstrates how the tertiary sector supports both the primary and secondary sectors? A. Farmers grow vegetables and sell them directly to consumers, with no transportation or storage involved. B. A factory makes shoes and uses raw materials like leather to create the product, relying on transport and retail stores to distribute the shoes. C. A bakery bakes bread and uses delivery services to send the bread to local shops for sale, without any direct involvement of raw materials. D. A company produces furniture from wood, but does not require any transport or retail services to sell the product.

    B - A factory makes shoes and uses raw materials like leather to create the product, relying on transport and retail stores to distribute the shoes.

12. Practice · 1 marks

    12. Recognise and choose the correct entries to fill in the blanks in the table that show economic activities, examples, and interdependence. Column A Column B Column C (Economic Activity) (Example) (Inter -dependence on Other Economic Activities) Primary 1 _____________ Provides inputs for secondary activities Secondary Manufacturing of 2 _________________ garments Tertiary Banking, transport, Supports both primary and communication secondary sectors Choose the correct option- A. 1: Manufacturing of furniture, 2: Supports tertiary sector B. 1: IT services, 2: Provides raw materials to secondary sector C. 1: Farming/mining, 2: Relies on raw materials from primary sector D. 1: Banking/transport, 2: Relies on outputs from tertiary sector

    C. 1: Farming/mining, 2: Relies on raw materials from primary sector

13. Practice · 1 marks

    13. A country’s GDP is ₹900 crores. The primary sector contributes ₹300 crores, and the tertiary sector contributes ₹400 crores. What is the contribution of the secondary sector, and which sector contributes the most to GDP? Choose the correct option- A. ₹200 crore, tertiary sector B. ₹200 crore, primary sector C. ₹300 crore, tertiary sector D. ₹200 crore, secondary sector

    A. ₹200 crore, tertiary sector

14. Important

    14. Ravi noticed that in many villages of India, more people are working on farms than (1+2= actually needed, and yet many of them do not get proper wages or regular work. 3) What could be the reason behind such a situation? Suggest any two ways to tackle this problem effectively.

    This is called disguised unemployment. (1+2=3) Causes of Disguised Unemployment in India 1. Excess labour in agriculture 2. Lack of alternative employment opportunities 3. Poverty and population pressure 4. Lack of skills and training required for other kinds of work Or any other relevant point (any 1) Solutions - ● Diversification of activities: Introduce other rural jobs like small-scale industries, dairy, and poultry farming. ● Land reforms and consolidation: Combine small plots to make farming more efficient, so fewer workers are underemployed. ● Skill development and education: Train people for non-agricultural jobs in towns or industries to reduce surplus labour in farms. ● Or any other relevant point (any 2)