Class 10 Science: Control and Coordination important questions
Control and Coordination is a chapter of Class 10 Science for the Andhra Pradesh State Board. These 15 questions are marked Very Important, Important or Practice, and each answer has been checked by our team. Use them to revise, not as a prediction of what will come in the exam.
Practice · 1 marks
1. Name the hormone responsible for phototropism in plants.
Auxin.
Practice · 1 marks
2. Olfactory receptors detect A) touch B) taste C) smell D) light
C) smell.
Important · 2 marks
3. Thyroxine (thyroid gland) regulates metabolism for body growth. Oestrogen (ovaries) develops the female sex organs and regulates the menstrual cycle. A) Which gland's secretion is linked with the changes at puberty in females? B) What is the function of thyroxine?
A) The ovaries (they secrete oestrogen). B) Thyroxine regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in the body, giving the best balance for growth.
Important · 2 marks
4. What precautions can you take to protect yourself from diabetes?
1) Eat a balanced diet, with less sugar, fewer sweets and less junk food. 2) Exercise or play every day and keep a healthy weight. 3) Avoid long hours of sitting without activity. 4) Get blood sugar checked regularly, especially if diabetes runs in the family. (Diabetes happens when the pancreas does not make enough insulin, or the body cannot use it.)
Important · 2 marks
5. Why is iodised salt advised?
The thyroid gland needs iodine to make thyroxine, which controls metabolism and growth. A lack of iodine causes goitre (swelling of the neck). Iodised salt is an easy way to get enough iodine every day.
Important · 4 marks
6. 1) How many major regions does the human brain have? Name them. 2) Which part of the hind brain controls involuntary actions such as blood pressure and salivation?
1) Three: the forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain. 2) The medulla (medulla oblongata).
Important · 4 marks
7. Write the differences between an axon and a dendrite.
Axon: 1) Usually a single long fibre. 2) Carries impulses away from the cell body. 3) Ends in branches (nerve endings) that pass the impulse to the next cell. Dendrite: 1) Many short, branched fibres. 2) Carry impulses towards the cell body. 3) Receive information from other neurons or receptors.
Practice · 1 marks
8. Which of these is a growth-inhibiting hormone? A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Abscisic acid D) Cytokinin
C) Abscisic acid. It inhibits growth and causes effects such as wilting of leaves.
Practice · 1 marks
9. The peripheral nervous system consists of ________ and ________.
Cranial nerves (arising from the brain) and spinal nerves (arising from the spinal cord).
Important · 2 marks
10. What would happen if all body functions were controlled only by the brain?
The brain would be overloaded, and responses would be slower. Quick reflex actions, such as pulling the hand away from a hot object, are handled by the spinal cord so they happen instantly; if everything went through the brain, we could be hurt before reacting. Slow, long-term processes like growth are better controlled by hormones. So the body shares control between the brain, the spinal cord and the endocrine system.
Important · 2 marks
11. Visiting a village, you notice goitre in many villagers. What suggestions would you give to improve their health?
Goitre is caused by a lack of iodine, which the thyroid gland needs to make the hormone thyroxine. 1) Use iodised salt for cooking. 2) Eat iodine-rich foods such as seafood. 3) Visit a doctor for check-ups and treatment. 4) Spread awareness so that everyone in the village uses iodised salt.
Very Important · 8 marks
12. Compare and contrast the nervous and hormonal mechanisms of control and coordination in animals.
Similarities: both coordinate the activities of the body and respond to changes inside and outside it. Differences: Nervous: messages are electrical impulses carried by neurons; very fast; short-lived effects; reach specific organs (muscles and glands); e.g. pulling the hand away from a hot object. Hormonal: messages are chemicals (hormones) carried in the blood; slower; long-lasting effects; can act on many organs at once; e.g. growth hormone controlling growth, adrenaline preparing the body for an emergency. The two systems work together, for example when adrenaline is released during danger.
Important · 2 marks
13. Plants have no special tissue to conduct information like animals do, yet they can pass information from cell to cell. Support this statement.
1) When a touch-me-not (Mimosa) leaf is touched, the leaflets fold. The signal passes from cell to cell, and cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them. 2) Plant hormones such as auxin move from cell to cell and cause the stem to bend towards light (phototropism). So plants use electrical-chemical signals and hormones instead of nerves.
Important · 4 marks
14. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary actions.
Voluntary actions: 1) Done consciously, by our own will. 2) Controlled by the forebrain (cerebrum). 3) Examples: walking, writing, talking. Involuntary actions: 1) Happen automatically, without our thinking. 2) Controlled by the hind brain (medulla) and spinal cord. 3) Examples: heartbeat, breathing, salivation, blinking.
Very Important · 8 marks
15. Reflex actions help us escape danger. Explain how the parts of a reflex arc work, with an example.
Example: touching a hot object by mistake. 1) Receptor: heat and pain receptors in the skin detect the stimulus. 2) Sensory neuron: carries the impulse to the spinal cord. 3) Relay neuron in the spinal cord: passes the signal on instantly, without waiting for the brain. 4) Motor neuron: carries the impulse to the muscles of the arm. 5) Effector: the muscles contract and the hand is pulled away. This path is the reflex arc. Because it is processed in the spinal cord, the response is very fast; the brain becomes aware of the pain a moment later.
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